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| Class | 12 |
| Board | CBSE & State Boards |
| Subject | Geography |
| Book | India People and Economy |
| Chapter No. | 2 |
| Chapter Name | Human Settlements |
| Content Type | Important Questions and Answers |
Human Settlements Class 12 Geography Important Questions Answers
Q. No. 1) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
i. Through which of the following, functional relations establish between rural and urban areas?
a) Through the means of transport and communications
b) Through the supply of raw material
c) Through the exchange of finished products in rural areas
d) Through the consumption of products produced in rural areas
Ans. Option (b)
ii. Match the List I with List II and select the answer from the codes given below the lists
| List-I | List - II |
| 1. Administrative town | (I) Agra |
| 2. Industrial town | (II) Dispur |
| 3. Satellite town | (III) Rohtak |
| 4. Medieval town | (IV) Barauni |
a. 1 (IV), 2 (II), 3 (I), 4 (III)
b. 1 (II), 2 (IV), 3 (III), 4 (I)
c. 1 (III), 2 (II), 3 (III), 4 (I)
d. 1 (IV), 2 (I), 3 (II), 4 (IV)
Ans. Option (b)
iii. Which of the following statement is not correct about the Hamleted settlement?
a. Settlements is fragmented into several units physically separated from each other bearing a common name.
b. The segmentation of a large village is often motivated by social and ethnic factors.
c. Dispersion of settlement is often caused by fragmented nature of terrain and land resource.
d. Such settlement is found in lower Ganga plain, Chhattisgarh and lower valley of Himalayas.
Ans. Option (c)
iv. The increasing pace of urbanization has resulted in numerous problems arising in urban settlements. Accordingly, which of the following is NOT an issue related to urban settlements?
a. joblessness
b. growth of slums
c. high levels of pollution
d. socio-cultural diversity
Ans. Option (d)
v. Which one of the following forms of settlement develops along either side of roads, rivers or canals?
a. Circular
b. Linear
c. Cross Shaped
d. Square
Ans. Option (b)
vi. Panna, Para, Palli, Nagla, and Dhani are examples of which of the following settlements?
a) Clustered Settlements
b) Semi-Clustered Settlements
c) Dispersed Settlements
d) Hamleted Settlements
Ans. Option (d)
vii. Which one of the following is the main feature of rural settlement?
a) Derive economic needs from primary activities
b) Derive economic needs from secondary activities
c) Derive economic needs from tertiary activities
d) Derive economic needs from quaternary activities
Ans. Option (a)
viii.
- Assertion: Settlements can be of various types.
- Reason: Various physical factors affect the growth of settlements.
Options:
a. Only assertion is correct
b. Only reason is correct
c. Both statements are correct. Statement II correctly explains statement I.
d. Both are correct but not related to each other
Ans. Option (c)
ix. Consider the following statement:
In this type of villages, the general living area is distinct and separated from the surrounding farms, barns and pastures. The intervening streets presents some recognizable pattern or geometric shape.
Identify the type of settlement
a. Semi-Clustered settlement
b. Hamleted settlement
c. Dispersed or isolated settlement
d. Clustered settlement
Ans. Option (d)
x. Consider the following features and choose the correct title after associating them.
- More often such a pattern may also result from segregation or fragmentation of large compact villages.
- The land-owning and dominant community occupies the central part of the main village whereas people of lower strata of society and menial workers settle on the outer flanks of the village.
- They are found in Gujarat plains and some parts of Rajasthan.
OPTIONS
a) Hamleted Settlement
b) Semi-clustered or fragmented
c) Clustered Settlements
d) Isolated Settlements
Ans. Option (b)
xi. Which of the following pairs is not matched correctly?
| CITIES | BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT |
| Prayag (Allahabad) | On religious and cultural basis |
| Lucknow | Based on the remnants of ancient cities |
| Kolkata | On cultural basis |
| Mumbai | In the form of commercial port |
Ans. Option (c)
xii. Which of the following are the features of Urban Settlements in India?
a. Complex way of life, manufacturing of finished goods, nodes of economic growth.
b. Intimate social relations, mainly primary economic activities, people are less mobile.
c. Economy mainly based on primary activities, providing food and raw materials, and social relations are formal.
d. Provide a variety of services, poor transport networks, social relations are intimate.
Ans. Option (a)
xiii. Which of the following mainly is not an industrial city?
a. Bhilai
b. Durgapur
c. Chandigarh
d. Barauni
Ans. Option (c)
xiv. Which of the following are industrial towns of India?
a. Hugli, Salem, Bhilai
b. Jamshedpur, Pushkar, Ujjain
c. Coimbatore, New Delhi, Imphal
d. Chandigarh, Mugalsarai, Shillong
Ans. Option (a)
xv. According to census 2011, which of the following depicts the percentage of the level of urbanization in India?
a) 31.16 %
b) 28 %
c) 33.16 %
d) 26 %
Ans. Option (a)
xvi. Which of the following is a good example of Fort town?
a) Jaipur
b) Banaras
c) Mathura
d) Rameshwaram
Ans. Option (a)
xvii. Given below are a few facts about Surat, Gujarat.
- It has several cotton spinning mills.
- It is a cotton-producing region.
- It is an important port city.
Based on the information given above, which of the following sets of functional classifications DEFINITELY apply to Surat?
a. mining-garrison-transport
b. transport-commercial-industrial
c. mining-industrial-administrative
d. garrison-transport-administrative
Ans. Option (b)
xviii. Which of the following statement is not true regarding the ‘Smart City Mission’?
a) To promote cities that provide core infrastructure, a clean and sustainable environment and give a decent quality of life to its citizens
b) To apply smart solutions to infrastructure and services in order to make them better
c) Use of fewer resources, providing cheaper services and focus on sustainable and inclusive development.
d) Increase in unemployment
Ans. Option (d)
xix. Match the column I with column II and choose the correct answer with the help of given Codes
| COLUMN I(CITIES) | COLUMN II (TYPES OF CITIES) |
| I . Jamshedpur | 1. Summer resort |
| II. Bhuvaneshwar | 2. Satellite town |
| III. Ghaziabad | 3. Industrial town |
| IV. Mussoorie | 4. Commercial port |
| V. Goa | 5. Administrative town |
Options
| I | II | III | IV | V | |
| a. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| b. | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| c. | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| d. | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Ans. Option (b)
xx. Match the Column I with Column II and choose the correct options with the help of given Codes.
| COLUMN I (CITIES) | COLUMN II (FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION) |
| I. Ambala | 1. Mining town |
| II. Mughal Sarai | 2. Transport town |
| III. Ankaleshwar | 3. Educational town |
| IV. Aligarh | 4. Garrison town |
| V. Shimla | 5. Commercial town |
| VI. Saharanpur | 6. Tourist town |
Options
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | |
| a. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| b. | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 5 |
| c. | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| d. | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
Ans. Option (b)
Q. No. 2) Name any two modern towns built by the British in modern style.
Ans. Mumbai (Bombay), Chennai (Madras) and Kolkata (Calcutta).
Q. No. 3) Which town was developed as centre of modern industries after 1850?
Ans. Jamshedpur.
Q. No. 4) Explain factors which affect the location of rural settlements in the world.
Ans. Factors
- Water Supply- Rural settlements are located near water bodies such as river, lakes and springs where water can be easily obtained.
- Land- Fertile lands suitable for agriculture are the most suitable
- Upland- People settle on upland because it is not prone to flooding to prevent damage to houses and loss of life. In low lying river basin people chose to settle on terraces and levees which are dry points.
- Building Material- People settle at places where building materials such as wood or stones are available.
- Defence- Villages and forts were built on hills and islands. So that people may defend themselves in case of war or attack by the enemy.
- Planned Settlement- Sometimes planned settlements are constructed by government by providing shelter, water, and other infrastructure to the village people.
Q. No. 5) Explain the nature of rural settlements. Describe any four problems related to rural settlements of the world.
Ans. Rural settlements are most closely and directly related to land. People are generally engaged in primary activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing etc. The settlement size is relatively small.
The problems related to the rural settlements of the world are mentioned below:
- Water Supply- Water supply is not adequate. People, particularly in mountainous and arid regions have to walk long distances to fetch drinking water.
- Water borne diseases- Cholera and jaundice are the common diseases which breakout in villages.
- Drought and Floods- The countries of south Asia face conditions of drought and floods very often. Crop cultivation sequences, in the absence of irrigation, also suffer.
- Health Problem- The general absence of toilets garbage disposal facilities cause heath related problems.
Q. No. 6) What are the basic differences between rural and urban settlements in India?
Ans.
| Rural Settlement | Urban Settlement |
| Derive their life support or basic economic needs from land based primary economic activities. | Urban settlements depend on processing of raw materials and manufacturing of finished goods on one hand and variety of services on the other. |
| Rural people are less mobile and therefore social relations among them are intimate. | The way of life is complex and fast, and social relations are formal. |
| These are sparsely located small settlements | These are fewer but larger settlements |
Q. No. 7) Read the given Passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Settlements vary in size and type. They range from a hamlet to metropolitan cities. With size, the economic character and social structure of settlements changes and so do its ecology and technology. Settlements could be small and sparsely spaced; they may also be large and closely spaced. The sparsely located small settlements are called villages, specializing in agriculture or other primary activities. On the other hand, there are fewer but larger settlements which are termed as urban settlements specializing in secondary and tertiary activities. The basic differences between rural and urban settlements are as follows:
The rural settlements derive their life support or basic economic needs from land based primary economic activities, whereas, urban settlements, depend on processing of raw materials and manufacturing of finished goods on the one hand and a variety of services on the other.
Cities act as nodes of economic growth, provide goods and services not only to urban dwellers but also to the people of the rural settlements in their hinterlands in return for food and raw materials. This functional relationship between the urban and rural settlements takes place through transport and communication network.
Rural and urban settlements differ in terms of social relationship, attitude and outlook. Rural people are less mobile and therefore, social relations among them are intimate. In urban areas, on the other hand, way of life is complex and fast, and social relations are formal.
a. How is rural settlement different from urban settlement?
b. ‘Towns act as nodes of economic growth.’ Justify the statement.
c. Social relationships are more intimate in rural areas in comparison to urban areas. Give one reason for the same.
Ans. a. Rural and urban settlements differ in terms of social relationship, attitude and outlook.
b. Cities act as nodes of economic growth; provide goods and services not only to urban dwellers but also to the people of the rural settlements in their hinterlands in return for food and raw materials.
c. Rural people are less mobile and therefore, social relations among them are intimate. In urban areas, on the other hand, way of life is complex and fast, and social relations are formal.
Q. No. 8) Discuss the evolution of modern towns in India.
Ans. The British and other Europeans have developed a number of towns in India. Starting their foothold on coastal locations, they first developed some trading ports such as Surat, Daman, Goa, Pondicherry, etc. The British later consolidated their hold around three principal nodes – Mumbai (Bombay), Chennai (Madras), and Kolkata (Calcutta) – and built them in the British style.
Rapidly extending their domination either directly or through control over the princely states, they established their administrative centres, hill- towns as summer resorts, and added new civil administrative and military areas to them. Towns based on modern industries also evolved after 1850. Jamshedpur can be cited as an example.
After independence, a large number of towns have been developed as administrative headquarters, e.g., Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, Gandhinagar, Dispur, etc., and industrial centres, such as Durgapur, Bhilai, Sindri, Barauni. Some old towns also developed as satellite towns around metropolitan cities, such as Ghaziabad, Rohtak, Gurugram around Delhi.
Q. No. 9) State any two conditions required for the formation of urban agglomeration, give any two examples from the Indian context?
Ans. An urban agglomeration may consist of any
- A town and its adjoining urban outgrowths,
- Two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths and
- A city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths together forming a contiguous spread.
Some e.g. Greater Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai.
Q. No. 10) Discuss the problems associated with urban settlements in developing countries.
Ans.
- Poor hygienic conditions of living
- Lack of basic amenities
- Development of slums
- Unorganized growth of city.
Q. No. 11) What are administrative towns? State one example from India.
Ans. Towns supporting administrative headquarters of higher order are administrative towns, such as Chandigarh, New Delhi, Bhopal, Shillong, Guwahati, Imphal, Srinagar, Gandhinagar, Jaipur Chennai, etc.
Q. No. 12) 'A city’s space will only get scarcer and more stretched, and therefore a Smart City should prioritise more of its spaces for shared use than for a single individual. A Smart City should prioritise public spaces over private spaces. Sprawling individual houses in a city are more resource inefficient than community housing complexes.’
Source (edited): The Wire
a) What fundamental aim drives the mission mentioned above?
b) Discuss two ways to achieve resource efficiency in such Smart Cities as suggested in the excerpt.
Ans. (a) Aim - The mission aims to advance cities that prioritise essential infrastructure, foster a clean and sustainable environment, and ensure a satisfactory quality of life for their residents.
(b) Suggestions –
- The city's administration should prioritise affordable and convenient public transportation over individual vehicles for increased resource efficiency.
- Public amenities like large libraries and open to all swimming pools should take precedence over exclusive private clubs, golf courses, etc.
- Accessible public parks and recreational spaces for all should take precedence over gated communities that restrict public entry.
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